Question:
Answer:
The prophet Jeremiah foretells the fulfillment of the kingdom of Israel via the establishment of a New Covenant:
31 “Behold, the days are coming, says the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and the house of Judah, 32 not like the covenant which I made with their fathers when I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt, my covenant which they broke, though I was their husband, says the Lord. 33 But this is the covenant which I will make with the house of Israel after those days, says the Lord: I will put my law within them, and I will write it upon their hearts; and I will be their God, and they shall be my people. 34 And no longer shall each man teach his neighbor and each his brother, saying, ‘Know the Lord,’ for they shall all know me, from the least of them to the greatest, says the Lord; for I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.”
Jesus Christ institutes the New Covenant in establishing his Church, which restores and fulfills the kingdom of Israel (Luke 1:32-33; Matt. 16:18-19; see Gal. 6:14-16). Jesus fulfills the Old Covenant through his one redemptive Sacrifice of Calvary, which provides definitive atonement for our sins, and then by sending the Holy Spirit on Pentecost, which applies the merits of Christ’s Sacrifice, beginning with the baptism of the Jewish faithful (Acts. 37-42)
For more on the fulfillment of Jeremiah 31:31-34, see CCC 64, 715, 762 and 1965.