Israel Seems to Have This One Right

It depends on what civil authority you are referring to. There is no criminal or civil law in the United States explicitly forbidding the desecration of a eucharistic host that distributed at Mass (though the law would forbid breaking into a Church and stealing the Eucharist to use for desecration or any other purpose). 

However, in other countries, blasphemy laws prohibit offending religious people or desecrating religious objects. The nation of Israel, for example, has laws that would seem to prohibit desecrating the Eucharist. Article 170 of that nation’s penal code states:

If a person destroys, damages or desecrates a place of worship or any object which is held sacred by a group of persons, with the intention of reviling their religion, or in the knowledge that they are liable to deem that act an insult to their religion, then the one is liable to three years imprisonment.